- 句型:
- 1、肯定句:S + have / has + p.p.(過去分詞),如:
- I have already finished my English homework.(我已經寫完英語功課了。)
- 2、否定句:S + have / has + not + p.p...例如:
- She hasn’t eaten anything since this morning. (她自今天早上起都沒吃任何東西。)
- 3、Yes / No 疑問句:
- 問:Have / Has + S + p.p....?
- A:Have you ever been to Hong Kong?(你去過香港嗎?)
- 簡答:Yes, S + have / has. No, S + haven’t / hasn’t.
- B:Yes, I have.(是的,我去過。)
- 4、Wh- 疑問句:Wh- + have / has + S + p.p....? 例如:
- How have you been these days?(你最近好嗎?)
- 過去分詞的形成:(原形動詞/過去式/過去分詞)
- 1、規則變化:與過去式相同,如:change/changed/changed。
- 2、不規則變化 :A-A-A,如:cost/cost/cost。
- 3、不規則變化 :A-B-A,如:become/became/become。
- 4、不規則變化 :A-B-B,如:bring/brought/brought。
- 5、不規則變化 :A-B-C,如:bite/bit/bitten。
- 現在完成式的用法:
- 1、強調「動作完成」,常搭配副詞 already / just(肯定);yet(疑問/否定),如:
- Jenny has already tried many times, but she still can’t make it. (Jenny 已經試過很多次,但她還是沒辦法成功。)
- 2、表示「持續到目前為 止的動作或狀態」,常搭配副詞有:for + 一段時間(已有…之久);since + 過去時間(自從…以來);since + S + 過去式動詞(自從…以來),如:
- You have really changed a lot since I saw you last time. (自從我上次見到你以來你真的改變很多。
- 3、表示「到目前為止的經驗」,常搭配副詞 before / 次數(肯 定);ever(疑問); never(否定),如:
- Mrs. Yang has never tasted Italian food before. (楊太太以前從來沒有嘗過義大利菜。)
- have been to / have gone to / have been in 的區別:
- 1、have been to + 地方表「經驗」,如:
- Have you ever been to Disneyland?(你去過迪士尼樂園嗎?)
- 2、have gone to + 地方表「完成」,如:
- Has Willy gone to the U.S. yet?(Willy 已經去美國了嗎?)
- 3、have been in + 地方表「持續」,如:
- How long has your cousin been in Canada?(你表姐已經在加拿大多久了?)
- 有些瞬間動作,如:die / marry / start / begin / leave... 等,只能用「表動作完成」的完成式,如:
- Nick’s dog has just died.(Nick 的狗剛剛死掉了。)
- 下圖為:現在完成式的三種用法。
